5-Hydroxytryptofán (5-HTP)

5-HTP je prekurzorom serotonínu. Serotonín je neurotransmiter, ktorý pôsobí ako anti-depresívum a považuje sa za “hormón šťastia”. 5-HTP je jednoduchý spôsob, ako zvýšiť hladiny serotonínu v mozgu, pretože obchádza mechanizmus obmedzujúci rýchlosť jeho tvorby. Užívatelia žnú buď odmeny alebo riziká vyplývajúce so zvýšeného množstva serotonínu v mozgu.

AKA
retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, tretinoin, beta-karotén

491645697
Obrázok: Freepik

Zhrnutie 

5-HTP je zlúčenina, ktorá sa v mozgu premieňa na serotonín. Serotonín je jedným z hlavných neurotransmiterov podieľajúcich sa na šťastí a potláčajúci depresiu.

5-HTP sa úspešne používa na obnovenie hladín serotonínu u ľudí, ktorí môžu trpieť zníženými hladinami serotonínu (napr. ľudia trpiaci depresiou a ľudia s vysokými hladinami zápalu v tele – typické pri metabolickom syndróme.

Ako užívať

Dávka 5-HTP je v rozmedzí 300-500 mg a užíva sa buď raz denne alebo v rozdelených dávkach. Nižšie dávky môžu byť tiež účinné, aj keď zvyčajne v kombinácii s inými látkami.

Na účely zníženia príjmu potravy sa má 5-HTP užívať spolu s jedlom, pretože zvyšuje pocit sýtosti z príjmu potravy (namiesto znižovania chuti do jedla/hladu).

5-HTP by sa nemal užívať s iným neurologickým liekom, ktorý bol predpísaný na antidepresívne alebo iné kognitívne účely, pokiaľ to nenariadi lekár. Toto je najdôležitejšie pri užívaní SSRI (Selektívne inhibítory spätného vychytávania sérotonínu), kde kombinácia s 5-HTP je potenciálne smrteľná.

Upozornenie

Hoci toxicita serotonínu nebola u ľudí pozorovaná, pri súbežnom požití 5-HTP a antidepresív sa odporúča poradiť sa s lekárom. 5-HTP je nervovo aktívny. Zvýšenie hladiny serotonínu sa prejavuje viac „euforicky“ alebo zvýšením pocitu šťastia, ako stimulačne.

Literatúra

  1.  Jukić T, et al. The use of a food supplementation with D-phenylalanine, L-glutamine and L-5-hydroxytriptophan in the alleviation of alcohol withdrawal symptomsColl Antropol. (2011)
  2. Rondanelli M, et al. Satiety and amino-acid profile in overweight women after a new treatment using a natural plant extract sublingual spray formulationInt J Obes (Lond). (2009)
  3.  Rondanelli M, et al. Relationship between the absorption of 5-hydroxytryptophan from an integrated diet, by means of Griffonia simplicifolia extract, and the effect on satiety in overweight females after oral spray administrationEat Weight Disord. (2012)
  4. Turner EH, Loftis JM, Blackwell AD. Serotonin a la carte: supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophanPharmacol Ther. (2006)
  5. Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursorAltern Med Rev. (1998)
  6. The Metabolism of L-Tryptophan by Isolated Rat Liver Cells.
  7.  Metabolism of an oral tryptophan load. I: Effects of dose and pretreatment with tryptophan.
  8. O’Neil MF, Moore NA. Animal models of depression: are there anyHum Psychopharmacol. (2003)
  9. Ceci F, et al. The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjectsJ Neural Transm. (1989)
  10. Cangiano C, et al. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic patientsInt J Obes Relat Metab Disord. (1998)
  11. Cangiano C, et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophanAm J Clin Nutr. (1992)
  12. Cangiano C, et al. Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjectsAdv Exp Med Biol. (1991)
  13. Precursor control of Neurotransmitter Synthesis.
  14. Wurtman RJ, Wurtman JJ. Brain serotonin, carbohydrate-craving, obesity and depressionObes Res. (1995)
  15. Routh VH, Stern JS, Horwitz BA. Serotonergic activity is depressed in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of 12-day-old obese Zucker ratsAm J Physiol. (1994)
  16. Total and Free tryptophan concentration in the plasma of depressive patients.
  17. Decreased plasma tryptophan levels in major depression.
  18. Taylor MW, Feng GS. Relationship between interferon-gamma, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and tryptophan catabolismFASEB J. (1991)
  19. Myint AM, Kim YK. Cytokine-serotonin interaction through IDO: a neurodegeneration hypothesis of depressionMed Hypotheses. (2003)
  20. Transcriptional activation of Indoleamine Dioxygenase by Interleukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Interferon-Treated Epithelial Cells.
  21. The phenomenology and treatment of interferon-induced depression.
  22. Bonaccorso S, et al. Increased depressive ratings in patients with hepatitis C receiving interferon-alpha-based immunotherapy are related to interferon-alpha-induced changes in the serotonergic systemJ Clin Psychopharmacol. (2002)
  23. Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Are tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan effective treatments for depression? A meta-analysisAust N Z J Psychiatry. (2002)
  24. van Hiele LJ. l-5-Hydroxytryptophan in depression: the first substitution therapy in psychiatry? The treatment of 99 out-patients with ‚therapy-resistant‘ depressionsNeuropsychobiology. (1980)
  25. Hinz M, Stein A, Uncini T. 5-HTP efficacy and contraindicationsNeuropsychiatr Dis Treat. (2012)
  26. Hinz M, Stein A, Uncini T. Amino acid management of Parkinson’s disease: a case studyInt J Gen Med. (2011)
  27. Hinz M, Stein A, Uncini T. Monoamine depletion by reuptake inhibitorsDrug Healthc Patient Saf. (2011)
  28. Shell W, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of an amino acid preparation on timing and quality of sleepAm J Ther. (2010)
  29. Emanuele E, et al. An open-label trial of L-5-hydroxytryptophan in subjects with romantic stressNeuro Endocrinol Lett. (2010)
  30. Speroff L, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of desvenlafaxine succinate treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms: a randomized controlled trialObstet Gynecol. (2008)
  31. Stearns V, et al. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trialJ Clin Oncol. (2005)
  32. Freedman RR. Treatment of menopausal hot flashes with 5-hydroxytryptophanMaturitas. (2010)
  33. Freedman RR, Wasson S. Miniature hygrometric hot flash recorderFertil Steril. (2007)
  34. Park SB, et al. Tryptophan depletion in normal volunteers produces selective impairments in learning and memoryNeuropharmacology. (1994)
  35. Oldman A, et al. Biochemical and behavioural effects of acute tryptophan depletion in abstinent bulimic subjects: a pilot studyPsychol Med. (1995)
  36. Cleare AJ, Bond AJ. The effect of tryptophan depletion and enhancement on subjective and behavioural aggression in normal male subjectsPsychopharmacology (Berl). (1995)
  37. Klaassen T, et al. Effects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety and on panic provoked by carbon dioxide challengePsychiatry Res. (1998)
  38. Miller HE, Deakin JF, Anderson IM. Effect of acute tryptophan depletion on CO2-induced anxiety in patients with panic disorder and normal volunteersBr J Psychiatry. (2000)
  39. Schruers K, et al. Effects of tryptophan depletion on carbon dioxide provoked panic in panic disorder patientsPsychiatry Res. (2000)
  40. Schruers K, et al. Acute L-5-hydroxytryptophan administration inhibits carbon dioxide-induced panic in panic disorder patientsPsychiatry Res. (2002)
  41. Maron E, et al. The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on cholecystokinin-4-induced panic attacks in healthy volunteersJ Psychopharmacol. (2004)
  42. Bruni O, et al. L -5-Hydroxytryptophan treatment of sleep terrors in childrenEur J Pediatr. (2004)
  43. Schruers K, et al. L-5-hydroxytryptophan induced increase in salivary cortisol in panic disorder patients and healthy volunteersPsychopharmacology (Berl). (2002)
  44. Stamford JA, Kruk ZL, Millar J. Striatal dopamine terminals release serotonin after 5-HTP pretreatment: in vivo voltammetric dataBrain Res. (1990)
  45. Zhelyaskov DK, Levitt M, Udenfriend S. Tryptophan derivatives as inhibitors of tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo and in vitroMol Pharmacol. (1968)
  46. Awazi N, Guldberg HC. On the interaction of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine with dopamine metabolism in the rat striatumNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. (1978)
  47. Breier JM, Bankson MG, Yamamoto BK. L-tyrosine contributes to (+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced serotonin depletionsJ Neurosci. (2006)
  48. Correlation between brain tryptophan and plasma neutral amino acid levels following food consumption in rats.
  49. Ritvo ER, et al. Effects of L-dopa in autismJ Autism Child Schizophr. (1971)
  50. Karobath M, Díaz JL, Huttunen MO. The effect of L-dopa on the concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine and serotonin in rat brainEur J Pharmacol. (1971)
  51. Borah A, Mohanakumar KP. Long-term L-DOPA treatment causes indiscriminate increase in dopamine levels at the cost of serotonin synthesis in discrete brain regions of ratsCell Mol Neurobiol. (2007)
  52. van Praag HM. In search of the mode of action of antidepressants. 5-HTP/tyrosine mixtures in depressionsNeuropharmacology. (1983)
  53. Henman FD. Amino acid decarboxylase enzymes–vital or irrelevant to gastric secretionDigestion. (1975)
  54. Orlefors H, et al. Carbidopa pretreatment improves image interpretation and visualisation of carcinoid tumours with 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomographyEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. (2006)
  55. Bertoldi M, Gonsalvi M, Voltattorni CB. Green tea polyphenols: novel irreversible inhibitors of dopa decarboxylaseBiochem Biophys Res Commun. (2001)
  56. Gustafsson BI, et al. Long-term serotonin administration induces heart valve disease in ratsCirculation. (2005)
  57. Aliño JJ, Gutierrez JL, Iglesias ML. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and a MAOI (nialamide) in the treatment of depressions. A double-blind controlled studyInt Pharmacopsychiatry. (1976)
  58. Kline N, Sacks W. Treatment of depression with an mao inhibitor followed by 5-HTP–an unfinished research projectActa Psychiatr Scand Suppl. (1980)
  59. Nicolodi M, Sicuteri F. Fibromyalgia and migraine, two faces of the same mechanism. Serotonin as the common clue for pathogenesis and therapyAdv Exp Med Biol. (1996)
  60. Comparison of the Antidepressant Action of Tryptophan, Tryptophan/5-Hydroxytryptophan Combination and Nomifensine.
  61. Nardini M, et al. Treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan combined with chlorimipramine, a double-blind studyInt J Clin Pharmacol Res. (1983)
  62. van der Horst-Schrivers AN, et al. Persistent low urinary excretion of 5-HIAA is a marker for favourable survival during follow-up in patients with disseminated midgut carcinoid tumoursEur J Cancer. (2007)
  63. Joy T, et al. Increase of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion but not serum chromogranin A following over-the-counter 5-hydroxytryptophan intakeCan J Gastroenterol. (2008)

Medicínske upozornenie!

alergia antioxidanty ashwagandha autoimunita bacopa bezlepková diéta bolesť bylinky celiakia COVID-19 Crohnova choroba cvičenie deti dezinfekcia fajčenie flavonoidy ginko IBD infekčné choroby karnitín karotenoidy ketogénna diéta koenzým Q10 kofeín kosti kurkumín kĺby meta-analýza mozog mužské zdravie obezita omega-3 pamäť poznávacie funkcie probiotiká psoriáza selén stredomorská diéta terpény vitamín A vitamín C vitamín D vitamín E zelený čaj ženské zdravie