Pycnogenol

Literatúra

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  36. Hosseini S, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. Nutrition Research. (2001)
  37. Zibadi S, et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation. Nutr Res. (2008)
  38. Rezzani R, et al. Effects of melatonin and Pycnogenol on small artery structure and function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. (2010)
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  48. Tenenbaum S, et al. An experimental comparison of Pycnogenol and methylphenidate in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). J Atten Disord. (2002)
  49. Errichi S, et al. Supplementation with Pycnogenol® improves signs and symptoms of menopausal transition. Panminerva Med. (2011)
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  57. Kawasaki T, Kawai T. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol. (2014)
  58. Luo H, et al. Pycnogenol attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Exp Mol Med. (2015)
  59. Gu JQ, et al. Pycnogenol, an extract from French maritime pine, suppresses Toll-like receptor 4-mediated expression of adipose differentiation-related protein in macrophages. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. (2008)
  60. Gao B, et al. Pycnogenol Protects Against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells Through Regulating NF-κB-iNOS Signaling Pathway. DNA Cell Biol. (2015)
  61. Liu R, et al. Pycnogenol Reduces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Atherosclerosis Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. (2016)
  62. Verlaet A, et al. Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent Immunomodulatory Activity of Pycnogenol®. Nutrients. (2019)
  63. Pycnogenol supplementation reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adults with knee osteoarthritis.
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  65. Wilson D, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res. (2010)
  66. Choi YH, Yan GH. Pycnogenol inhibits immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic response in mast cells. Phytother Res. (2009)
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  71. Rohdewald P. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. (2002)
  72. Maia H Jr, Haddad C, Casoy J. The effect of pycnogenol on patients with dysmenorrhea using low-dose oral contraceptives. Int J Womens Health. (2014)
  73. Psianou K, et al. Clinical and immunological parameters of Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. (2018)
  74. Luzzi R, et al. Efficacy of Pycnogenol® supplementation in remission phases of Sjögren syndrome. Minerva Cardioangiol. (2018)
  75. Seyahi E, Yazici H. Behçet’s syndrome: pulmonary vascular disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. (2015)
  76. Hu S, et al. Behçet syndrome: effects of Pycnogenol® supplementation during regression phases. Minerva Cardioangiol. (2018)
  77. Rohdewald PJ. Review on Sustained Relief of Osteoarthritis Symptoms with a Proprietary Extract from Pine Bark, Pycnogenol. J Med Food. (2018)
  78. Cisár P, et al. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother Res. (2008)
  79. Lee OH, et al. Pycnogenol® inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with antioxidant enzyme responses. Phytother Res. (2012)
  80. Hasegawa N. Stimulation of lipolysis by pycnogenol. Phytother Res. (1999)
  81. Mochizuki M, Hasegawa N. Pycnogenol stimulates lipolysis in 3t3-L1 cells via stimulation of beta-receptor mediated activity. Phytother Res. (2004)
  82. Changes in lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase expression caused by procyanidins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
  83. Lee HH, et al. Effect of pycnogenol on glucose transport in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytother Res. (2010)
  84. Preventive Effect of Pine Bark Extract (Flavangenol) on Metabolic Disease in Western Diet-Loaded Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes Mice.
  85. Packer L, Rimbach G, Virgili F. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med. (1999)
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  87. Iravani S, Zolfaghari B. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical effects of Pinus pinaster bark extract. Res Pharm Sci. (2011)
  88. Sivonová M, et al. The effect of Pycnogenol on the erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Gen Physiol Biophys. (2004)
  89. Voss P, et al. Ferritin oxidation and proteasomal degradation: protection by antioxidants. Free Radic Res. (2006)
  90. Rong Y, et al. Pycnogenol protects vascular endothelial cells from t-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidant injury. Biotechnol Ther. (1994-1995)
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  92. Zižková P, Viskupičová J, Horáková L. Pycnogenol and Ginkgo biloba extract: effect on peroxynitrite-oxidized sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase. Interdiscip Toxicol. (2010)
  93. Schäfer A, Högger P. Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) effectively inhibit alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. (2007)
  94. Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. (2004)
  95. Aoki H, et al. Clinical assessment of a supplement of Pycnogenol® and L-arginine in Japanese patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. Phytother Res. (2012)
  96. Hosseini S, et al. Pycnogenol((R)) in the Management of Asthma. J Med Food. (2001)
  97. Belcaro G, et al. Pycnogenol® improvements in asthma management. Panminerva Med. (2011)
  98. Mei L, Mochizuki M, Hasegawa N. Hepatoprotective Effects of Pycnogenol in a Rat Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Phytother Res. (2012)
  99. Parveen K, et al. Protective effects of Pycnogenol on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in the liver of type 2 diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. (2010)
  100. Ledda A, et al. Investigation of a complex plant extract for mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study. BJU Int. (2010)
  101. Stanislavov R, Nikolova V. Treatment of erectile dysfunction with pycnogenol and L-arginine. J Sex Marital Ther. (2003)
  102. Stanislavov R, Nikolova V, Rohdewald P. Improvement of erectile function with Prelox: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Int J Impot Res. (2008)
  103. Marini A, et al. Pycnogenol® effects on skin elasticity and hydration coincide with increased gene expressions of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid synthase in women. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. (2012)