Bromelín

Pôsobí na: zdravie čreva, protizápalovo, antioxidačne

Bromelín je enzým extrahovaný z ananásov. Môže znížiť pálenie záhy a pôsobiť proti upchatiu nosa.

Užívanie

Dávkovanie závisí od cieľa, kvôli ktorému sa bromelín užíva. Na pomoc so zažívaním sa štandardne užíva dávka 200-2000 mg spolu s jedlom. Ak sa užíva kvôli iným účinkom, tak sa dávka pohybuje v rozmedzí 200-800 mg a užíva sa medzi jedlami aby sa zabránilo jeho degradácii v žalúdku.

Medicínske upozornenie!

Literatúra

  1. Mialovyts’ka OA. Effect of phlogenzym in long-term treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Lik Sprava. (2003)
  2. Kerkhoffs GM, et al. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study on the efficacy and safety of treating acute lateral ankle sprain with oral hydrolytic enzymes. Br J Sports Med. (2004)
  3. Shahid SK, et al. Efficacy and safety of phlogenzym–a protease formulation, in sepsis in children. J Assoc Physicians India. (2002)
  4. Szczurko O, et al. Naturopathic treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis among Canadian postal workers: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. (2009)
  5. Rowan AD, Buttle DJ. Pineapple cysteine endopeptidases. Methods Enzymol. (1994)
  6. Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. (2001)
  7. Harrach T, et al. Isolation and partial characterization of basic proteinases from stem bromelain. J Protein Chem. (1995)
  8. Purification and characterization of multiple forms of the pineapple-stem-derived cysteine proteinases ananain and comosain.
  9. Irene D, et al. Resonance assignments and secondary structure of a phytocystatin from Ananas comosus. Biomol NMR Assign. (2012)
  10. Yoshioka S, et al. Inactivation kinetics of enzyme pharmaceuticals in aqueous solution. Pharm Res. (1991)
  11. Ketnawa S, Chaiwut P, Rawdkuen S. Extraction of bromelain from pineapple peels. Food Sci Technol Int. (2011)
  12. Castell JV, et al. Intestinal absorption of undegraded proteins in men: presence of bromelain in plasma after oral intake. Am J Physiol. (1997)
  13. Bioavailability of Therapeutically used Hydrolytic Enzymes.
  14. White RR, et al. Bioavailability of 125I bromelain after oral administration to rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. (1988)
  15. Dave S, et al. Hexafluoroisopropanol-induced helix-sheet transition of stem bromelain: correlation to function. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. (2010)
  16. Hale LP, Haynes BF. Bromelain treatment of human T cells removes CD44, CD45RA, E2/MIC2, CD6, CD7, CD8, and Leu 8/LAM1 surface molecules and markedly enhances CD2-mediated T cell activation. J Immunol. (1992)
  17. Roxas M. The role of enzyme supplementation in digestive disorders. Altern Med Rev. (2008)
  18. Pellicano R, et al. Benefit of dietary integrators for treating functional dyspepsia: a prospective pilot study. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. (2009)
  19. Borrelli F, et al. Inhibitory effects of bromelain, a cysteine protease derived from pineapple stem (Ananas comosus), on intestinal motility in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil. (2011)
  20. Hale LP, et al. Treatment with oral bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the IL-10-deficient murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Immunol. (2005)
  21. CD44 antibody against In(Lu)-related p80, lymphocyte-homing receptor molecule inhibits the binding of human erythrocytes to T cells.
  22. Scheffel JW, Kim YB. Characterization of autologous erythrocyte rosette-forming cells in Minnesota miniature swine. Cell Immunol. (1981)
  23. Mahajan S, et al. Stem Bromelain-Induced Macrophage Apoptosis and Activation Curtail Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persistence. J Infect Dis. (2012)
  24. Hale LP, Greer PK, Sempowski GD. Bromelain treatment alters leukocyte expression of cell surface molecules involved in cellular adhesion and activation. Clin Immunol. (2002)
  25. Fitzhugh DJ, et al. Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. Clin Immunol. (2008)
  26. Mynott TL, et al. Bromelain, from pineapple stems, proteolytically blocks activation of extracellular regulated kinase-2 in T cells. J Immunol. (1999)
  27. Kalra N, et al. Regulation of p53, nuclear factor kappaB and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by bromelain through targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. (2008)
  28. Bhui K, et al. Bromelain inhibits COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of MAPK regulated NF-kappa B against skin tumor-initiation triggering mitochondrial death pathway. Cancer Lett. (2009)
  29. Majima M, et al. Determination of bradykinin-(1-5) in inflammatory exudate by a new ELISA as a reliable indicator of bradykinin generation. Inflamm Res. (1996)
  30. Ogino M, et al. Increased migration of neutrophils to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy: roles of complement, bradykinin, and inducible cyclooxygenase-2. Inflamm Res. (1996)
  31. Wittenborg A, et al. Comparative epidemiological study in patients with rheumatic diseases illustrated in a example of a treatment with non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs versus an oral enzyme combination preparation. Arzneimittelforschung. (2000)
  32. Masson M. Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor system. A study of observed applications in general practice. Fortschr Med. (1995)
  33. Akhtar NM, et al. Oral enzyme combination versus diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee–a double-blind prospective randomized study. Clin Rheumatol. (2004)
  34. Inoue K, et al. Effect of etodolac on prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis, active oxygen generation and bradykinin formation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. (1994)
  35. Buford TW, et al. Protease supplementation improves muscle function after eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2009)
  36. Miller PC, et al. The effects of protease supplementation on skeletal muscle function and DOMS following downhill running. J Sports Sci. (2004)
  37. Neumayer C, et al. Combined enzymatic and antioxidative treatment reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit skeletal muscle. J Surg Res. (2006)
  38. Roep BO, et al. Modulation of autoimmunity to beta-cell antigens by proteases. Diabetologia. (2002)
  39. Kempf K, et al. Effect of combined oral proteases and flavonoid treatment in subjects at risk of Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. (2009)
  40. Metzig C, et al. Bromelain proteases reduce human platelet aggregation in vitro, adhesion to bovine endothelial cells and thrombus formation in rat vessels in vivo. In Vivo. (1999)
  41. Heinicke RM, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia. (1972)
  42. Felton GE. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypotheses. (1980)
  43. Ley CM, et al. A review of the use of bromelain in cardiovascular diseases. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. (2011)
  44. Juhasz B, et al. Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. (2008)
  45. Gaciong Z, et al. Beneficial effect of proteases on allograft arteriosclerosis in a rat aortic model. Nephrol Dial Transplant. (1996)
  46. Seligman B. Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology. (1969)
  47. Gutfreund AE, Taussig SJ, Morris AK. Effect of oral bromelain on blood pressure and heart rate of hypertensive patients. Hawaii Med J. (1978)
  48. Seneviratne AN, Sivagurunathan B, Monaco C. Toll-like receptors and macrophage activation in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta. (2012)
  49. Lauer D, Reichenbach A, Birkenmeier G. Alpha 2-macroglobulin-mediated degradation of amyloid beta 1–42: a mechanism to enhance amyloid beta catabolism. Exp Neurol. (2001)
  50. Baumhackl U, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral hydrolytic enzymes in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. (2005)
  51. Dave S, et al. Inhibition of adipogenesis and induction of apoptosis and lipolysis by stem bromelain in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One. (2012)
  52. Seltzer AP. Adjunctive use of bromelains in sinusitis: a controlled study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. (1967)
  53. Ryan RE. A double-blind clinical evaluation of bromelains in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Headache. (1967)
  54. Taub SJ. The use of bromelains in sinusitis: a double-blind clinical evaluation. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. (1967)
  55. A DOUBLE-BLIND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BROMELAINS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE SINUSITIS.
  56. Braun JM, Schneider B, Beuth HJ. Therapeutic use, efficiency and safety of the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain-POS in children with acute sinusitis in Germany. In Vivo. (2005)
  57. NEUBAUER RA. A plant protease for potentiation of and possible replacement of antibiotics. Exp Med Surg. (1961)
  58. Grabovac V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Improvement of the intestinal membrane permeability of low molecular weight heparin by complexation with stem bromelain. Int J Pharm. (2006)
  59. Guggi D, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Improved paracellular uptake by the combination of different types of permeation enhancers. Int J Pharm. (2005)
  60. Renzini G, Varengo M. Absorption of tetracycline in presence of bromelain after oral administration. Arzneimittelforschung. (1972)
  61. Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol. (1978)
  62. Volatile Components of Pineapple.
  63. Montero-Calderón M, Rojas-Graü MA, Martín-Belloso O. Aroma profile and volatiles odor activity along gold cultivar pineapple flesh. J Food Sci. (2010)
  64. MOSS JN, FRAZIER CV, MARTIN GJ. BROMELAINS. THE PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ENZYMES. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. (1963)
  65. Klein G, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of an oral enzyme combination in painful osteoarthritis of the hip. A double-blind, randomised study comparing oral enzymes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Exp Rheumatol. (2006)
  66. Brien S, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM. (2006)
  67. Stone MB, et al. Preliminary comparison of bromelain and Ibuprofen for delayed onset muscle soreness management. Clin J Sport Med. (2002)
  68. Walker AF, et al. Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults. Phytomedicine. (2002)
  69. Tilwe GH, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral enzyme therapy as compared to diclofenac in active osteoarthrosis of knee joint: an open randomized controlled clinical trial. J Assoc Physicians India. (2001)